Taxes and Tax Schemes in Vietnam | What You Need to Know in 2025

Vietnam, a vibrant and rapidly developing Southeast Asian nation, operates a comprehensive tax system that reflects its ongoing economic transformation and commitment to international integration. Located in the heart of Indochina, Vietnam has been progressively modernizing its tax framework to attract foreign investment, support economic growth, and align with international tax standards.

The Vietnamese economy is dynamic and diverse, with strong sectors including manufacturing, technology, agriculture, services, and increasingly, digital innovation. The tax system is designed to balance revenue generation, economic development, and creating an attractive environment for both local and international businesses.

The expat community in Vietnam continues to grow, particularly in major cities like Ho Chi Minh City and Hanoi, drawn by emerging business opportunities, strategic economic potential, and the country's unique economic landscape.

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Vietnamese Income Tax

Vietnam employs a progressive personal income tax system with multiple tax brackets:

Tax brackets for 2025:

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Social security contributions (as of 2025):

• Social Insurance:
  • Employee contribution: 8% of gross salary
  • Employer contribution: 17.5% of gross salary
• Health Insurance:
  • Employee contribution: 1.5% of gross salary
  • Employer contribution: 3% of gross salary
• Unemployment Insurance:
  • Employee contribution: 1% of gross salary
  • Employer contribution: 1% of gross salary

If you want to have a better understanding of the taxes you should pay on personal income in Vietnam, you can use the personal tax calculator in the Taxation section of the Vietnam page.

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Vietnamese Tax on Overseas Income

Vietnam's approach to foreign income is based on tax residency:

1. Residents: Taxed on worldwide income
2. Non-residents: Taxed only on Vietnam-sourced income

Residency is determined by:

• Spending more than 183 days in Vietnam within a 12-month period
• Having a permanent home in Vietnam
• Maintaining primary economic interests in the country

Special provisions include:

• Double taxation agreements with multiple countries
• Specific rules for expatriate workers
• Tax treaty benefits

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Vietnamese Tax on Investments

Investment income receives specific tax treatment:

• Dividends:
  • Taxed at 0-5% depending on ownership structure
  • Specific rates for foreign investors
• Capital Gains:
  • Typically taxed at 20%
  • Special provisions for different types of assets
• Interest Income:
  • Generally taxed at 5%
  • Withholding tax may apply
• Rental Income: Taxed at progressive income tax rates
• Cryptocurrency: Emerging regulatory framework with tax implications

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Corporate Taxation

Corporate tax structure is designed to support business growth:

• Corporate Tax Rate: 20%
• Small and Medium Enterprises: Potential reduced rates
• Special Economic Zones: Tax incentives
• Value Added Tax (VAT):
  • Standard rate: 10%
  • Reduced rates of 5% and 0% for specific goods and services
• Withholding Tax: Varies by type of payment and recipient status

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Special Tax Regimes

Vietnam offers several specialized tax arrangements:

1. High-Tech Industry Incentives
2. Export-Oriented Manufacturing Benefits
3. Research and Development Tax Credits
4. Renewable Energy Investment Incentives
5. Software and IT Service Sector Support

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Regional Comparison

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Tax Planning for Vietnam

Effective tax management requires a strategic approach:

1. Residency Status Optimization
2. Investment Strategy Alignment
3. Comprehensive Documentation
4. Professional Consultation

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