Taxes and Tax Schemes in Poland | What You Need to Know in 2025

Poland, a Central European country known for its rich history, growing economy, and EU membership, operates a comprehensive tax system that affects both residents and non-residents. Located in the heart of Europe, Poland combines a robust economy with a relatively low tax burden, making it an attractive destination for international professionals and businesses.

Poland's economy, driven by sectors like manufacturing, services, and agriculture, has shown resilience despite global economic challenges. The country's tax system is designed to support economic growth while maintaining social welfare. Recent reforms have focused on simplifying tax procedures and enhancing digital tax filing for foreign residents.

The expat community in Poland is growing, with many professionals drawn to sectors like technology, finance, and manufacturing. The tax system, while detailed, offers various benefits and deductions that can significantly impact an expat's financial planning.

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Polish Income Tax

Poland employs a progressive income tax system with rates of 12% and 32%. Resident taxpayers are subject to taxation on their worldwide income, while non-residents are taxed only on Poland-sourced income. The system includes social security contributions, which fund public services like healthcare and pensions.

Tax residents face the following income tax brackets (as of 2025):

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Additionally, social security contributions are generally calculated at around 13.71% of gross income for employees and 20.48% for employers.

If you want to have a better understanding of the taxes you should pay on personal income in Poland, you can use the personal tax calculator in the Taxation section of the Poland page.

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‍Polish Tax on Overseas Income

‍Poland's treatment of foreign income depends on residency status. The country recognizes two main categories of taxpayers:

1. Residents: Taxed on worldwide income
2. Non-residents: Taxed only on Poland-sourced income

This system particularly benefits non-residents, who are only taxed on income earned within Poland. However, residents must declare and pay taxes on their worldwide income, with potential relief through double taxation treaties.‍

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Polish Tax on Investments

‍Investment income in Poland receives specific tax treatment. Dividends and capital gains from listed stocks are typically taxed at a flat rate of 19%. The system includes:

• Dividends: Taxed at 19%
• Capital Gains: Taxed at 19%
• Interest Income: Taxed at 19%
• Rental Income: Taxed at progressive income tax rates, with deductions for expenses

Real estate investments face both federal and local taxes, with potential deductions for depreciation, maintenance, and other expenses.‍

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Polish Corporate Taxation

‍Corporate tax in Poland is straightforward and competitive:

• Corporate Tax Rate: 19%
• Value Added Tax (VAT): 23% standard rate, with reduced rates for certain goods and services
• Withholding Tax: Applicable to certain dividends, interest, and royalties paid to non-residents

The effective corporate tax rate typically ranges from 19% to 20%, depending on the company's location. Small and medium-sized enterprises may qualify for certain tax reliefs and incentives.‍

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Special Tax Regimes‍

Poland offers several special tax arrangements beneficial to international professionals and businesses:

1. Research and Development (R&D) Incentives: Tax credits and deductions for companies engaged in R&D activities.
2. Foreign Income Tax Relief: Available to prevent double taxation on overseas income for residents.
3. Special Tax Benefits for Key Workers: Tax incentives for qualified foreign professionals working in Polish companies.
4. Investment Allowances: Deductions for investments in certain regions or sectors.

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Regional Comparison

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Tax Planning for Poland

‍Effective tax planning in Poland requires attention to several key areas:

1. Residency Status Management: Strategic planning of residency status can optimize tax treatment of foreign income.
2. Investment Strategy: Utilizing tax-advantaged accounts and long-term holding periods can optimize investment income.
3. Documentation: Maintaining clear records of overseas assets and income sources is crucial.
4. Professional Advice: Engaging with tax professionals to navigate the complexities of the Polish tax system.

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