A government-issued digital identity that allows non-residents to access certain online services and establish a business presence in a country without physical residency. e-Residency programs, pioneered by Estonia, provide a digital ID card and enable remote business registration, digital document signing, and access to banking services. While e-residency does not confer physical residency rights or citizenship, it facilitates international business operations and can be a stepping stone to other forms of residency or business expansion in the host country.
