Impuestos y esquemas fiscales en México | Lo que necesita saber

Mexico, a country renowned for its rich history, stunning landscapes, and vibrant culture, is also home to a complex tax system. Located in North America, Mexico boasts the second-largest economy in Latin America and the 15th-largest in the world by nominal GDP. The country is known for its diverse industrial sectors, including manufacturing, automotive, and agriculture.

Mexico's economy has faced challenges in recent years, including income inequality and dependence on oil exports. However, it remains a significant player in the global economy, with a strong emphasis on international trade and a growing service sector.

The expat culture in Mexico is vibrant and diverse, with many foreigners drawn to the country's warm climate, affordable cost of living, and rich cultural heritage. Major cities like Mexico City, Guadalajara, and Monterrey are particularly popular among expats, offering a blend of modern amenities and traditional charm.

Recuerde que las leyes fiscales pueden cambiar y que las circunstancias individuales varían. Consulte siempre a un asesor fiscal cualificado para obtener asesoramiento personalizado.

Mexico Income Tax

Mexico employs a progressive income tax system. As of 2024, the tax rates for residents are as follows:

• Up to MXN 8,952.49: 1.92%
• MXN 8,952.50 to MXN 75,984.55: 6.40%
• MXN 75,984.56 to MXN 133,536.07: 10.88%
• MXN 133,536.08 to MXN 155,229.80: 16.00%
• MXN 155,229.81 to MXN 185,852.57: 17.92%
• MXN 185,852.58 to MXN 374,837.88: 21.36%
• MXN 374,837.89 to MXN 590,795.99: 23.52%
• MXN 590,796.00 to MXN 1,127,926.84: 30.00%
• MXN 1,127,926.85 to MXN 1,503,902.46: 32.00%
• MXN 1,503,902.47 to MXN 4,511,707.37: 34.00%
• Over MXN 4,511,707.38: 35.00%

Resumen:

• Sistema fiscal progresivo
• National rates: 1.92% to 35%
• No additional regional or municipal income taxes

Mexico Tax on Overseas Income

Mexico taxes its residents on their worldwide income. This means that if you're considered a tax resident in Mexico, you'll need to declare and potentially pay taxes on income earned both within Mexico and abroad.

You're considered a tax resident if:

• Your center of vital interests is in Mexico
• You have a permanent home in Mexico

Non-residents are only taxed on income earned within Mexico.

Resumen:

• Los residentes tributan por su renta mundial
• Non-residents taxed only on Mexican-source income
• Tax residency determined by center of vital interests and permanent home

Mexico Tax on Investments

Investment income in Mexico is generally subject to varying tax rates depending on the type of investment:

• Interest income: Taxed at progressive rates for residents, 4.9% to 35% withholding tax for non-residents
• Dividends: 10% withholding tax on dividends from profits generated after 2013
• Capital gains: Generally taxed as regular income for residents, 25% of gross proceeds or 35% of net gain for non-residents

Resumen:

• Varying rates depending on investment type and residency status
• 10% withholding tax on dividends
• Capital gains generally taxed as regular income for residents

Mexico Capital Gains Tax

Capital gains in Mexico are generally treated as regular income and taxed at progressive rates for residents. However, there are some important considerations:

• Non-residents can elect to pay either 25% of gross proceeds or 35% of net gain on most capital gains
• Sales of shares on the Mexican stock exchange are subject to a 10% tax on the profit for non-residents
• Certain exemptions may apply for the sale of a primary residence

Resumen:

• Generally taxed as regular income for residents
• Special rates and options for non-residents
• Possible exemptions for primary residences

Mexico Special Tax Regimes

Mexico offers several special tax regimes to attract foreign investment and talent:

1. Maquiladora Regime: Offers tax benefits to foreign-owned manufacturing companies operating in Mexico.
2. IMMEX Program: Provides customs duty and tax incentives for companies that import materials for manufacturing and export.
3. Border Region Incentive: Offers reduced VAT and income tax rates for businesses operating in certain border regions.

Resumen:

• Maquiladora Regime for foreign-owned manufacturers
• IMMEX Program for import/export businesses
• Border Region Incentive for businesses in specific areas

Tax Planning for Mexico

When planning your taxes in Mexico, consider the following strategies:

1. Utilize available deductions: Mexico offers various tax deductions, including medical expenses, education costs, and charitable donations.
2. Consider the timing of residency: If you're moving to Mexico, carefully plan when you establish tax residency to optimize your tax situation.
3. Explore los regímenes especiales: Si cumples los requisitos, los regímenes fiscales especiales pueden ofrecerte importantes ahorros.
4. Seek professional advice: Given the complexity of the Mexican tax system, it's advisable to consult with a tax professional familiar with both Mexican tax law and your home country's regulations.
5. Mantenga registros detallados: Mantenga una documentación exhaustiva de sus ingresos, inversiones y gastos para garantizar la exactitud de los informes y respaldar cualquier solicitud de deducciones o exenciones.

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