Slovak Citizenship by Descent: A Comprehensive Guide

Historical Background and Eligibility

Slovakia’s long-awaited citizenship law was enacted in April 2022, allowing the children, grandchildren, and great-grandchildren of previous Slovak citizens to qualify for citizenship by descent. Given that Slovakia was part of Czechoslovakia for much of the 20th century, descendants of former Czechoslovakian citizens residing on the Slovak side are also eligible.

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Eligibility Criteria

1. Slovak Ancestry:To qualify, your parent, grandparent, or great-grandparent must have been a citizen of Czechoslovakia after its establishment in 1918. Proof can include:

• Birth or marriage certificates
• Passports
• Census records
• Emigration after July 17, 1910

2. Place of Birth:Your ancestor must have been born within the boundaries of present-day Slovakia. Ethnicity is not a criterion; the place of birth is decisive.

3. Slovak Residence Permit:Applicants must obtain a Slovak residence permit, which can be applied for simultaneously with the citizenship application. Alternatively, obtaining a "Slovak Living Abroad" certificate can fulfill this requirement.

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Benefits of Slovak Citizenship

• EU Mobility: Live, work, and study in any EU member state.
• Educational and Healthcare Rights: Access to education and free public health services across the EU.
• Family Privileges: Citizenship can be automatically passed on to future generations.
• Visa-Free Travel: Travel visa-free to 167 countries.
• Consular Protection: Consular assistance while abroad.
• Local Voting Rights: Participate in local elections in other EU countries.

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Application Requirements

Required Documents:

• Birth Records: Certified copies of the applicant’s and ancestor’s birth records.
• Marriage Certificates: Certified copies for female ancestors and the applicant.
• Identity Document: A valid ID containing the applicant's current photo.
• Proof of Residence: Documentation of residence in Slovakia or a Slovak Living Abroad certificate.
• Background Check: A criminal record check, such as an FBI Identity History Summary Check.
• Autobiography: A detailed curriculum vitae and a one-page autobiography.

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Application Process

‍1. Prepare Documents: Gather all required documents, ensuring they are translated and certified.

‍2. Schedule Appointment: Contact the nearest Slovak consulate to request an appointment.

‍3. Submit Application: Attend the appointment to submit your documents and undergo a casual interview.

‍4. Processing: Your application will be forwarded to Slovakia for processing, typically taking 20 to 24 months.

‍5. Approval and Oath: If approved, you will take an oath of citizenship and receive your naturalization certificate.