Hungarian Citizenship by Descent: Simplified Naturalization Guide

Descendants of Hungarians have a unique opportunity to reclaim their heritage through Hungarian citizenship by descent. In 2011, Hungary introduced a simplified naturalization process, allowing those with Hungarian ancestry to obtain citizenship more easily. This article explores the history, eligibility criteria, and application process of obtaining Hungarian citizenship by descent.

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Historical Background and Eligibility

Before 1920, Hungary was part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, a much larger entity. The "Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen," shown in blue on the map, were the official territories of the Kingdom of Hungary. After World War I, Hungary lost two-thirds of its territories, which now span across Austria, Croatia, Hungary, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, and Ukraine.

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If your ancestors originated from these territories, you likely qualify for Hungarian citizenship by descent. This status applies even if your family has not lived within the current borders of Hungary for generations.

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Eligibility Requirements

Hungarian Ancestry

To qualify, you must trace your lineage back to a Hungarian citizen from the historical territories of Hungary. There is no generational limit for eligibility, making it accessible to many descendants.

Hungarian Language Proficiency

Applicants must demonstrate proficiency in the Hungarian language. This requirement is assessed through interactions at the consulate during the application process. Typically, a B1 to B2 level of proficiency is expected.

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Required Documents

Applicants must gather and submit several key documents. All documents in languages other than Hungarian must be translated and certified. Required documents include:

• Birth Records: Certified copies of the applicant’s and qualifying ancestor’s birth records, as well as those of all relatives connecting the applicant to the ancestor.
• Marriage Certificates: Certified copies of marriage certificates for female ancestors and the applicant.
• Naturalization Application: Completed simplified naturalization application form.
• Photos: Passport-sized photos of the applicant.
• Biography: One-page autobiography written in Hungarian.

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Application Process

In-Person Submission

1. Prepare Documents: Gather all required documents, ensuring they are translated and certified.
2. Schedule Appointment: Contact the nearest Hungarian consulate to request an appointment.
3. Submit Application: Attend the appointment, submit your documents, and undergo a casual interview in Hungarian.
4. Processing: If your application is accepted, it will be forwarded to Budapest for processing, which can take 5-12 months.
5. Language Proficiency Call: Be prepared for a possible call from Hungarian authorities to test your language skills.
6. Approval and Oath: If approved, schedule an appointment at the consulate to take the Hungarian oath of citizenship and receive your naturalization certificate and passport.